0. Introduction

a. Infraumbilical Incision, Veress Needle Insertion, and Inflation

b. Trocar Placement

1. Exposure and Trocar Placement

a. Port Placement

b. Freeing Omentum from Abdominal Wall

c. Descending Colon and Splenic Flexure Mobilization

d. Sigmoid Colon Mobilization

e. Isolation and Division of IMA Pedicle

2. Entry to Abdomen and Mobilization

a. Division of Lateral and Posterior Stalks

b. First Bowel Division

c. Isolation and Division of Marginal Artery

d. Second Bowel Division

e. Anvil Placement and Abdominal Closure

3. Bowel Division

a. Baker-Type Anastomosis

b. Water-Immersion Sigmoidoscopy

4. Colorectal Anastomosis

Subcuticular Suture

5. Closure

Laparoscopic sigmoid resection is indicated for disease of the distal sigmoid or rectum that requires resection, most notably diverticulitis and colorectal cancer. Here, we perform an sigmoid resection for diverticular disease. In this procedure, we used four laparoscopic port sites. In the first step, we mobilized the splenic flexure and left colon to allow for a tension-free colorectal anastomosis low in the pelvis. Second, the mesorectum was dissected to mobilize the rectum down to the level of the pelvic floor. Third, the left colic and inferior mesenteric arteries were ligated, the colonic mesentery was transected with an energy device, and the distal resection margin was stapled intracorporeally. Fourth, the specimen was extracorporealized through the umbilical port site, and the proximal transection was performed. Finally, an anvil was inserted, and the colon was placed back into the abdomen where a trans-anal, stapled end-to-side Baker-type anastomosis was performed and endoscopically tested for leaks.

Patient Outcome Statistics from the Procedure

<h4>CHAPTER 0</h4>

<p>Hi, I’m Dave Berger.
I’m one of the surgeons here at Mass General,
and today’s
first case is going to be a case for a woman
who has recurrent
diverticulitis. She’s had about 12 episodes
in the last year and a half, 2 years. And so,
we’re going to do an elective resection of that segment for her.
The basics of the procedure: it’s going to be laparoscopic,
and we’re going to begin by
placing our ports. Once we have established that, we’re
going to go in and get into the lesser sac.
We’re going to use that
to take down the splenic flexure.
We’re then going to proceed to take the
descending colon and the sigmoid colon off
from where it’s stuck to the sidewall.
Once we’ve completely mobilized the colon,
we’ll divide the left colic vessels with
the Harmonic Scalpel and then we’ll isolate the IMA pedicle.
We'll take the IMA pedicle either with a stapler or with clips,
depending on the
the size of the vessel. Once we’ve accomplished that,
we’ll enter the pre-sacral space and
mobilize the rectum up.
We’ll then divide the posterior and lateral stalks
with our harmonic scalpel and we’ll
divide the rectum itself using a stapler.
Once I have achieved that, I’ll make
a small hole usually periumbilically
and bring the bowel out.
I'll divide the marginal artery,
and then I’ll divide the bowel proximally.
And once I’ve done that, I’ll place an anvil through the lateral aspect
on the anti-mesenteric
border of the bowel.
And then I’ll drop that back into the abdominal cavity. I’ll
close, and then we’ll re-insufflate and laparoscopically
complete a side-to-end Baker-type anastomosis
between the descending colon and the rectum.
Once we’ve completed that, we will close our incisions and
the operation will be done.</p>

<h4>CHAPTER 1</h4>

<p>We’re going to do a laparoscopic low anterior
resection for diverticular disease.
All right, gas on, please.
All right.</p>

<h4>CHAPTER 2</h4>

<p>Okay, we've now entered the abdomen.
Now we're going to place our ports for the surgery.
So our first port goes in the left lower quadrant.
And that’s a 5-mm port.</p>

<p>All right, so the first thing we're going to do is we're going to lift the
omentum up and we're going to get into the lesser sac.
Now, in some
of these cases of diverticular disease,
the omentum is stuck in the left lower
quadrant, and that is the case here.
So, before we can even begin, I've
got to free this piece of omentum up.
And these are adhesions because of the diverticulitis
or current bouts of diverticulitis.
But if I don't free this up, I can't flip the omentum up, and thus
I can't enter the lesser sac, so that has to be our first task.
We’re done with that.
You got that. I got this.</p>

<p>So now that that's free...
Ah, what a bummer.
Unfortunately, we got the blood now right.
So now I'm rolling the omentum up.
And we're going to find the
upper aspect of the colon up here.
I want to keep moving out in that plane right there.
Yep.
Can you vent the…
Go clean your camera, wipe it on the liver.
We’re working into the lesser sac, right here, right?
Yep.
Okay, come right up in here.
Bring your camera in a bit.
Yep.
Of course she has a very, very stuck colon.
Go get that, there.
Okay.
That's way too much light.
Right here.
Get a bite, right there.
Right there.
So we're going up now the side, up
along the descending colon.
Free that up from where it's attached
to the sidewall out there.
So Devon, those are adhesions, right? From the diverticular disease.
In order to take down the flexure,
we need to get these all down.
You can see the spleen coming into view back there, right?
So now if we
come back here,
we’re now going to keep walking up this plane here.
Lateral ligament right?
Well there's no lateral ligament, right?
Well, it’s the area where the colon
is stuck to the side, right there.
Keep walking up.
Too lateral, yep.
So now we’re going to be able to see;
there's an attachment to the spleen,
take that down.
That's a little unusual to see a direct attachment like that.
Go ahead, take those
bands right there.
Okay, so we got to go right here.
Right there.
These ones are really hard, right?
They’re much, much harder.
Okay, so you can see where you're stuck there, right?
See the plane now?
Closer to the bowel, yep.
Yep, see the plane?
Higher up. Yeah, right there.
See the plane?
Yep, right there.
Don't do that. In and out with the camera.
Open. 
What are you doing?
So we're good there and we need to now come through here.
Show me out here. You're not showing me anything.
All right so you're going to go right under here.
So we’re going to go right here, right?
And what we're going to do
is we're going to stay off of the retroperitoneum, right?
You have to be really careful on these
because she's super skinny.
We're going to come right here.
Yep.
Don’t twist the camera, Chelsea. And right here, closer to the bowel.
She's so thin that you're having so much difficulty
keeping the camera clean and everything.
Oh, is that what it is?
Well there's just no space, right? It's a domain issue.
See how I'm just rolling that out of the retroperitoneum?
Okay.
All right, so now we're pretty darn free.
We're going to have to see how stuck we are.
So you can see that we're stuck here.
Now, the good thing to see about this so far
is that we're definitely
out of plane, in that we're deep and
this is the diverticular area right here, right?
Just in that one spot though?
Yeah, no, we're just, yeah...
The ureter’s right there, see it?
It's right there.
See it moving?
But it's not as clean as we want to be. All right.
Take this. Look right here.
Look - lift your hand up, please.
So, because she’s so thin,
you have to be doubly careful down in here, right?
Because the plane is super, super thin.
Right? You can see...
Oh that’s where...
Right, and so -
you can see how we've raised up more stuff
than we want to, right?
And that - is that, ureter down there, or no?
Well you got to show me up here.
Because these planes are just paper, right?
Yeah.
So you can take that there.
Right, and you can see how ridiculously redundant
the bowel is, right?
Yeah.
That makes it much harder to do.
So now, we've got to take some left colic vessels
to free this up.
So we're going to go in here and take the left colic vessels.
You're getting a lot of haze in the picture
because the balloon is small.
So laparoscopy is like operating on a ship in a bottle.
Sure.
And so when
the bottle is very small,
what happens is it just gets much, much harder,
in terms of -
you know, everything. So,
it's the very skinny person that makes it hard.
Which is unusual for someone?
Well in most areas of surgery, skinny is good right?
Lower. In laparoscopy skinny is in.
Okay, so that's the last of the flexure, now that's all down.
Now let's just see
up here, what we need to do
to make this free completely,
so that we can bring it down.
So that band - see that little band right there?
Okay, see the band right there? Yep.
See, all that does is allow that to come down, right?
You're freeing it
off the edge of the pancreas.</p>

<p>So now we're going to move positions
so we can operate down into the pelvis.
Okay, take that band there.
That's an adhesion to the small bowel.</p>

<p>So, you see the ureter right there.
Let’s see if we can grab it. Show them that it moves.
See the ureter? That’s the ureter.
Surgeons will like that,
otherwise it doesn't make much difference.
You can see that it runs back here.
Show me back here.
So that same ureter runs here.
Right there.
Now, you got to flip this over again.
Show me up here now.
Show me where we’re stuck.
So this is the IMA pedicle, right here.
Let’s see - I think we can open a 12 sleeve instead of a 15, guys.
Okay.
Can I have that for a sec?
A sleeve is the - this -
the sheath.
That we use to do the laparoscopy.
And what I’m doing now is,
I think I’m going to be able to take
the IMA with clips.
So I’m just skinnying off the pedicle.
Knife.
So now, I’m just going to upsize my 5 port to a 10-12.
And now I’m going to use clips to take the vessel.
You can see the vessel, right there.
Another clip.
And that is the IMA?
That’s the IMA, yeah.
In a heavy person it’s pretty hard for me to do it with clips
because the lymphatics and surrounding tissue
is too thick. But in a relatively
thin person,
I can usually do it with clips.
Clip.
So what I'm doing is I'm clipping the lower end
and the upper end,
and I'm using
a harmonic simply to divide it.
You can see the artery pulsating right there.</p>

<h4>CHAPTER 3</h4>

<p>So now our bowel is free.
So now, the next thing we’re going to do is we’re going to figure out
where we need to take the bowel.
The bad diverticular disease is here in the sigmoid colon.
You can see how thick that is.
So now, we’re going to go down towards the rectum,
and we’ve elevated the
rectum up, and we’re going to look for
where the taenia coalesce.
And - show me the rectum, please. No, no, no, pull back, lift your hand up.
And you can see that the taenia are coming together here,
so we’re going to
go actually right here.
So the next thing I’m going to do is divide
the lateral and posterior stalks,
and I do that with the harmonic scalpel
as well.
Let’s see if I can bend it here too.
And now once again, I’m diving out the lateral,
posterior and lateral stalks.
So that I get to normal bowel.
I'm going to use a 63.5, guys.
All right, so now I got that nice and free.
Stapler?</p>

<p>So now what I’m going to do is divide the bowel.
Pull your camera back.
She is really petite, huh?
Yeah, that really -
makes it a lot harder
to do laparoscopically, unfortunately.
So now I’m going to divide the bowel with the stapler,
and I’m just positioning the bowel in the center of the stapler.
Bummer, that’s not going to divide it all, I don’t think. See?
Yeah okay, so that’s just fat.
See it?
Okay, so now we’ve divided the bowel out. Tooth grasper?</p>

<p>And now what I’m going to do is grab it and
then we're going to bring it out through the abdominal wall.
No I don’t have it.
Okay.
Lights on, please.
All right, can I have the
knife for a second, please. Okay.
Okay.
So now what we’re going to do is extend my incision
around the belly button.
Okay, now take your cautery. Pickups with teeth.
Schnidt.
Okay, so open that up.
Okay. Can I have a Richardson, please?
We may need to make this a little longer,
longer this way.
And then take that stuff there in the middle.
Toward - no no, this way.
Subcutaneous tissue, you take around the horn.
And then it’s the fascia we take differently, right?
Straight up.
Okay, you ready?
So we’re going to bring the bowel up
to the abdominal wall. Grab it
right there with a Babcock.
Okay, pull it out.
Okay. Good, let it go.
That’s always a winner, right there.
All right, that needs a harmonic bite, right there.
And then one more bite there.
Okay, so now we’re left with our colon
on our marginal artery.
And so what we’re going to do is choose our place to do our anastomosis.
I would really like to take...
Dr. Berger, can you see the diverticular disease
from the outside, or...?
Yeah, so the thickened area where she had the problem
is this right in here.
See that? See how thick that is?
Okay, so let’s go here.
Cautery.
That was a little bit close.
Pickups.
So now we’re going to isolate the marginal artery.
Can you take that down there?
And this is the marginal artery, right here.
Schnidt.
3-0.</p>

<p>ILA 100 next.
Now the next thing that we're going to do
is divide the bowel after
we clean off the posterior side. Use your cautery.
Stapler.
And that leaves our specimen.</p>

<p>And now the next thing that we're going to do
is we're going to
place our anvil to do our anastomosis.
Cautery.
Just a little.
Buzz me.
No no, we need the 3-0 double-ended 3-0 Prolene.
Stitch. So we’re going to put in a purse-string
of 3-0 double-ended Prolene.
And I put it in in a baseball fashion. Snap.
Too much bowel.
You want to make sure you get the mucosa
and the serosa here.
Backhand.
That’s a forehand shot. Oh, sorry.
Okay, anvil? So now that we’ve baseballed in our suture.
We’re going to place the anvil in.
And here goes the anvil going in.
Good. Now we’re going to tie the anvil in place.
Cut.
If you’re pulling it so that it moves out of my pickups,
you’re pulling too hard, right?
Okay, we set that in on the antimesenteric border.
Now once that’s tied in, we’re going to drop
this back into the abdominal cavity.
And we’re going to close our hole
and we’re going to go back laparoscopically.
So #1 Prolene, please.
It’s a CT 6 needle. It’s going to be hard.
So now we’re going to sew the fascia back together.
Rectosigmoid is our specimen, yep.
Okay.
All right Lynn, we’re going to go gas on, lights on.
We need the tube of lube.
It’s not sterile.
That’s fine. That's fine. Okay.</p>

<h4>CHAPTER 4</h4>

<p>So that’s the iliac. The ureter, here.
Can I have a toothed grasper?
Okay go ahead, wiggle in.
There you go. Handle higher, keep wiggling.
Keep wiggling. Here you come. Here it comes.
There you go. Now, bring your spike out.
Now push your handle away from me.
There you go, there you go, that’s good. Stop there.
Okay, now bring yourself into the middle.
Hold on.
Bring yourself a little more into the middle. There you go.
All right, now let me just make
sure this is rotated properly.
Which it is. Now, push your handle down a bit.
Now, bring it in.
Yeah, we just want to make sure we don’t pinch
anything. Go ahead.
No twist in that.
Okay, good.
Good. Take it.
Squeeze tight. I want to hear the click.
Good, squeeze it again.
Okay, now wiggle it out.
Lots of wiggling.
Oscillating wiggling. Pull it through.
Good. Give me a little less Trendelenburg.
That may help you.</p>

<p>Now the next thing we’re going to do
is check our anastomosis under water.
A little less Trendelenburg, maybe.
Good, thank you.
All right, can I have a bowel grasper?
I'm just going to occlude the upper bowel.
Go ahead.
Center yourself up. There you go. Put air in.
There you go. There’s the anastomosis.
See it?
Show everybody the anastomosis. There you go.
And we have no bubbles,
so our anastomosis is air tight. Okay, suck it out.
Can I have some bowel graspers, please?
All right, so, the next thing I’m going to do, or the last thing I’m
going to do is just make sure that the bowel isn’t stuck in the
trap under the colon.
And that’s what that is,
and we just flip that bowel out, and now you
can see that the colonic mesentery is lying
straight, all the way down to
our anastomosis.
Okay.
Okay, take your Monocryl. Sew that hole closed.
Can I have a Monocryl?
Okay, now I want you to - yep, hold that there.</p>

<h4>CHAPTER 5</h4>

<p>Okay Chelsea, you can let go. Okay.
Do you still have a needle up? Yeah, you do.
I do. I do.
They both do.
So I thought that was actually - I thought that was pretty hard.
The balloon was small.
I think you can see a lot better in an average case. That was
a good example of a hard one because she was too small.
All right, thanks guys.
Supine, both arms out. Okay, thank you.
I found the case to be fairly difficult due to the small size of
the patient. We have very limited room
to move around in the abdomen, and -
as the patient's belly was quite small.
Otherwise, the case went very smoothly, and we didn't have
any problems, and hopefully she'll do well.</p>


Watch this full-length, narrated surgical video of a laparoscopic sigmoid resection for a patient with diverticulitis performed by Dr. David Berger at MGH.

DOI
Publication Date	2023/09/21
Article ID	87
Production ID	0087
Volume	2023
Issue	87
https://doi.org/10.24296/jomi/87

Laparoscopic Sigmoid Resection for Diverticulitis

Procedure Outline

Table of Contents

1. Exposure and Trocar Placement

2. Entry to Abdomen and Mobilization

3. Bowel Division

4. Colorectal Anastomosis

5. Closure